For centuries the hub of India’s spice and tea trade, Fort Cochin occupies the northern tip of a peninsula dividing the mouth of the Vembanad Lake from the Arabia Sea. Its low-rise, red-tiled skyline bears the imprint of its former colonial residents: Lusitanian chapels, Jewish synagogues, Dutch burghers’ houses, Armenian mansions, and British bungalows and godowns (warehouses) all survive in the Fort’s grid of narrow lanes – the largest collection of early colonial buildings in Asia.

Around sunset time, watch local fishing boats chug past the famous Chinese fishing nets before embarking on a tour of the harbour by launch.

On this morning’s guided sightseeing tour we will focus on the historical and characterful ‘heart’ of the city, the area of Fort Kochi. Surrounded by a wonderful blend of colonial architecture we will visit the Mattancherry Palace, Jewish Synagogue and St Francis Church - the oldest church in India. We will also explore the spice market. Until recently they even had an old fashioned Pepper Exchange. The old spice shops are sadly all gone but it is still interesting to browse around these narrow lanes dotted with ‘antique’ shops.

In the afternoon, we will visit Kumbalangi - a coastal village on the outskirts of Cochin surrounded by the backwaters and a ring of Chinese fishing nets. Kumbalangi Integrated Tourism Village project is a unique initiative transforming the tiny island to a model fishing village and is a first of its kind in the country. Here you will experience the life in a village: visit a crab farm and a fish farm, witness traditional fishing methods and how coconut is processed. Enjoy a traditional dinner served on a banana leaf before returning to the hotel.

The mountain slopes around Munnar hold some of the highest tea plantations in the world. The climate is perfect for growing this valuable crop, which is why so much of the landscape is carpeted in tea gardens. Only the dark-brown peaks and highest ridges have been left wild, and these are the domain of elephants and Nilgiri tahr, who still roam free in healthy numbers – an amazing fact given the density of population on the surrounding plains of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

Tata Tea Museum in Munnar showcases and highlights some of the fascinating aspects on the evolution and growth of tea plantations. Some of the unique items on display are the original tea roller and a rail engine wheel of the Kundale Valley Light Railway that shuttled men and material between Munnar and Top.

For sheer visual impact, no Hindu temple in South India can match the Meenakshi-Sundeshwarar in Madurai. The temple’s gigantic, multi-coloured gopura towers soar 46m above the city’s streets, writhing in stucco figures of gods and mythical monsters. Below, a labyrinth of richly carved pillared halls, colonnaded walkways and interlocking courtyards host a never-ending round of rituals.

Although now a sprawling modern city with a population of over one million, Madurai, with its lively covered bazaars and traditional udipi restaurants, remains one of India’s undisputed highlights.

Chettinad is renowned across India for its distinctive cuisine, which draws on influences from the many and diverse countries its wealthy emigrant traders travelled to during the colonial era. Expect mildly spiced, coconut-based gravies with a salty tang derived from the slightly saline well water. Sundried vegetables also feature prominently. An odd number of dishes are always served, usually on waxy green banana leaves.

The mountains of inland Kerala are one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. Although tea, coffee and spice plantations dominate many areas, abundant forest also survives, and the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary encompasses one of the most easily accessible of these. Centred on a flooded valley system, the park is among the largest in India, famous first and foremost for its herds of wild elephant, which can routinely be spotted from the water. A fleet of boats set out on safaris at dawn, but visitors can increase their chances of sightings by opting for less intrusive rafting trips, or treks on foot through the forest.

The Periyar National Park is home to Deer, Nilgiri Langur, Gaur (Indian Bison), Elephant, and the Malabar Giant Squirrel. The walk will last for around 3-4 hours and often passes through evergreen and moist deciduous forests interspersed with marshy grasslands. Different nature trails traverse diverse habitats from the trekking routes, generally 4 to 5 km in length.

This region is one of the principal spice producing areas in Kerala so you will visit a nearby spice plantation to learn more about how the numerous aromatic and flavoursome spices are grown and used. After lunch, your host will identify and explain various spices which will include vanilla, nutmeg, pepper, turmeric, cloves and cardamom, and also point out some more unusual spices and plants, as well as the many birds that flit around the gardens.

Up until the 1980s, large barges made of oiled jackwood and canopies of plaited palm leaves were used throughout the backwaters of Kerala to transport rice and other produce through the backwaters. Now, trucks do the haulage work, but the boats – known as kettu vallam in Malayali – have been put to more lucrative uses, taking visitors on cruises around the canals, rivers and lagoons of this fascinating region. Floating duck farms a common sight, as are locals fishing by torchlight for crab, karimeen and the other backwater delicacies that make Kuttinadi cuisine one of the most varied and succulent in India.

On the low-lying coastal strip of central Kerala stretches a vast, shimmering saltwater lagoon known as Vembanad Lake. As well as being a prime fishing ground for inhabitants of the surrounding backwaters, the 200-sq-km body of water is also an important nesting site for migratory wetland birds, for whom a sanctuary has been set aside at Kumarakom. Species such as darter, white-breasted water hen and snake birds are commonly sighted between November and March, when the glassy surface of the lake is speckled with dozens of stately houseboats cruising between the resorts located in the area.